Bridging Digital Gaps in Criminology Education: Readiness and Access to HyFlex Learning at JRMSU Katipunan

Abstract

This study examined the readiness and access of Bachelor of Science in Criminology students at Jose Rizal Memorial State University (JRMSU), Katipunan Campus, to participate in HyFlex learning—a flexible educational model that allows students to choose among face-to-face, synchronous online, and asynchronous learning modalities. Anchored on Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4), the study addressed persistent global and local issues in digital access, equity, and student preparedness, particularly in rural public higher education settings. Utilizing a descriptive quantitative research design, the study involved a stratified random sample of 187 students from a total population of 351. Results showed that while 94.78% of students had access to smartphones, only 9.57% owned laptops or desktops, and just 52.17% reported consistent internet access at home. Despite these limitations, students demonstrated high exposure to Learning Management Systems (95.65%), productivity tools (89.00%), and moderate to high levels of digital literacy confidence (M = 2.76). The majority preferred face-to-face learning (M = 3.70), while synchronous online instruction was least favored (M = 2.27). Furthermore, 46.09% of students came from underserved communities and only 33.91% had access to assistive technology. The study concluded that while students are digitally literate and adaptable, access-related and inclusion challenges persist. It recommends mobile-optimized instructional design, expanded connectivity support, inclusive digital strategies, and ongoing training for faculty and students to enhance HyFlex readiness and educational equity.